The World Health Organisation has admitted it botched attempts to stop the now-spiraling Ebola outbreak in west Africa, blaming factors including incompetent staff and a lack of information.
“Nearly everyone involved in the outbreak response failed to see some fairly plain writing on the wall,” WHO said in a draft internal document obtained by the Associated Press, noting that experts should have realised that traditional containment methods wouldn’t work in a region with porous borders and broken health systems.
The UN health agency acknowledged that, at times, even its own bureaucracy was a problem. It noted that the heads of WHO country offices in Africa are “politically motivated appointments” made by the WHO regional director for Africa, Dr Luis Sambo, who does not answer to the agency’s chief in Geneva, Dr Margaret Chan.
Dr Peter Piot, the co-discoverer of the Ebola virus, agreed in an interview on Friday that WHO acted far too slowly, largely because of its Africa office.
“It’s the regional office in Africa that’s the frontline,” he said. “And they didn’t do anything. That office is really not competent.”
Piot also questioned why it took WHO five months and 1,000 deaths before the agency declared Ebola an international health emergency in August.
“I called for a state of emergency to be declared in July and for military operations to be deployed,” he said. But he said WHO might have been scarred by its experience during the 2009 swine flu pandemic, when it was slammed for hyping the situation.
In late April, during a teleconference on Ebola among infectious disease experts that included WHO, Doctors Without Borders and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, questions were apparently raised about the performance of WHO experts, as not all of them bothered to send Ebola reports to WHO headquarters.
WHO said it was “particularly alarming” that the head of its Guinea office refused to help get visas for an expert Ebola team to come in and $500,000 in aid was blocked by administrative hurdles. Guinea, along with Sierra Leone and Liberia, is one of the hardest-hit nations in the current outbreak, with 843 deaths so far blamed on Ebola.
The Ebola outbreak has already killed 4,484 people in west Africa and WHO has said within two months there could be 10,000 new cases of Ebola every week.
When Doctors Without Borders began warning in April that the Ebola outbreak was out of control, a dispute on social media broke out between the charity and a WHO spokesman, who insisted the outbreak was under control.
At a meeting of WHO’s network of outbreak experts in June, Dr Bruce Aylward, who is normally in charge of polio eradication, alerted Chan to the serious concerns being raised about WHO’s leadership in west Africa. He wrote an email that some of the agency’s partners including national health agencies and charities believed the agency was “compromising rather than aiding” the response to Ebola and that “none of the news about WHO’s performance is good.”
Five days later, Chan received a six-page letter from the agency’s network of experts, spelling out what they saw as severe shortcomings in WHO’s response to the deadly virus.
“This (was) the first news of this sort to reach her,” WHO said in the draft document. “She is shocked.”
Meanwhile, the UN health agency officially declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in Senegal. WHO says it commends the country for its diligence in putting a stop to the transmission of the virus.
In a statement on Friday, WHO said the sole introduced case was confirmed on 29 August in a young man who had travelled to Dakar, by road, from Guinea, where he had direct contact with an Ebola patient.
The statement called Senegal’s response “a good example of what to do when faced with an imported case of Ebola.”
It said Senegal government’s response included identifying and monitoring 74 close contacts of the patient, prompt testing of all suspected cases, stepped-up surveillance at many entry points and public awareness campaigns.